Variables in Grafana can be used to use common values in dashboard queries, titles etc.
Variables can be used to create input elements like select boxes, text inputs that can change the dashboard based on user input
A variable can also be used in another variable (chained variables). This can be used to create hierarchical select boxes for user inputs
Manage variables in a dashboard
As shown below, go to the dashboard settings page and go to the variables tab
Variable types
Query variable
The variable value select list options will be fetched from a datasource using a query
Custom variable
The variable value select list options will be defined manually
Text box variable
The variable value can be defined by the user in a textbox
Using variable in the query of a visualization
Variable value can be used in a query of the visualization as shown in the above image
In the above example, using $state_name in the query will use value of the state_name variable
The above example uses a variable in an infinity datasource query. In a similar way, variables can be used in any datasource queries (like PostgreSQL, JSON, SQL Server etc.)
Using variable in a visualization title
In the above example, value of the variable state_name is used in a visualization title using $state_name
Nested Variables and Hierarchical Select boxes
A variable can be used in the query of another variable
Hence the drop-down values of one variable can be dependent on the value of another variable. This can help in creating hierarchical drop-downs as shown in the above example.
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